The Republican Party, often referred to as the GOP (Grand Old Party), is one of the two major political parties in the United States. Founded in 1854, the party initially emerged as an anti-slavery movement and gained prominence with the election of Abraham Lincoln, the first Republican president, in 1860.
Throughout its history, the Republican Party has evolved significantly. Today, it generally advocates for conservative policies, including lower taxes, reduced government regulation, strong national defense, free-market capitalism, and traditional social values. The party has traditionally supported states' rights over federal authority in many policy areas.
Key Republican achievements include the abolition of slavery under Lincoln, trust-busting and conservation efforts under Theodore Roosevelt, and significant tax reforms and Cold War policies under Ronald Reagan. In recent years, the party has been notably influenced by Donald Trump's presidency (2017-2021), which brought shifts in trade, immigration, and foreign policy positions.
The party's base includes a diverse coalition of voters, though it traditionally draws strong support from rural America, evangelical Christians, business leaders, and conservatives across various demographic groups. As of 2024, the Republican Party continues to shape American politics through its representation in Congress, state governments, and its role as the primary opposition to the Democratic Party.